Chris Vogliano 6/20/17 Chris Vogliano 6/20/17

4 food labels you should never trust (and 2 you should!)

In a world with many food labeling claims - natural, organic, free range, and cage free - it's hard to know what to trust. This blog features 4 labels you should be skeptical of, and 2 you can trust...

4 Not-so-trustworthy food labels

Walking through the grocery store aisles can be an overwhelming and even intimidating experience. Heck, I too get information overload and I have a Master's degree in nutrition. Food labels are complex, nuanced, and confusing. Below are 4 labels that don't mean what you'd think, followed by 2 labels that actually have validity.

"Natural" foods

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not developed an actual definition for the term 'natural'. While this may be changing in the future, many companies over-use and abuse this seemingly wholesome label.

The USDA allows the use of the term "natural" to be used in meat and poultry labeling on products that contain no artificial ingredients or added color. So basically unless your chicken breast is injected with artificial brines or flavors (which some are), it is be considered 'natural'. The packaging may even look more eco-friendly, but that's just marketing at its finest.

I don't know about you, but my definition of 'natural' does not include raising animals in small battery cages, feeding them routine antibiotics and/or growth hormones, or even ultra-processed foods (ie: natural cheese puffs).

Local foods

What exactly does "local" mean? Good question! Depends on who you ask..

Wal-Mart: defines local food as food sold in same state it is grown
Whole Foods: says within 7 hours of the store
Seattle's PCC Natural Markets: anything from Washington, Oregon and southern British Columbia (that's a big area!)
Oxford dictionary: “locavore” = a 100 miles radius
USDA: 400 miles

If we go with the Oxford dictionary definition of 100 miles, local foods undoubtedly have economic benefits to our small-scale farmers. Buying local helps support smaller farmers and their families. This is a good thing. It helps strengthen our communities and support our neighbors.

What local doesn't mean, however, is that the food is more environmentally friendly, free from pesticide residues, free of hormones, organic, or safer than non-local food.

Also - the greenhouse gas emissions from transporting foods are actually quite small compared to the production of it. In other words, the environmental impact of producing food far outweighs the distance the food traveled to reach your plate. So the food you choose is more telling of the GHG emissions than the proximity it was grown.

Get to know your local farmers and find out how they grow their foods. Then you will be able to confidently purchase foods that meet your personal and ethical standards.

Cage-free eggs

This claim is not all that it's cracked up to be (har har).

In all seriousness, I believe the label 'cage-free' is extremely misleading. Yes, this means that chickens are not in small battery cages (yahoo), but this does not guarantee that they're not crammed into a massive indoor barn (sad face). USDA states that "cage-free hens are not required to have access to outdoors, and have no higher nutritional value than conventional eggs" This claim has no USDA or FDA auditing and is considered “voluntary”.

Free range or free roaming

Similar to cage-free, this is also misleading if you ask me. The USDA definition of 'free range' states that "Producers must demonstrate to the agency that the poultry has been allowed access to the outside." A tiny door in an over-stuffed chicken silo is technically being 'allowed access', but that does not mean these chickens ever get to see the light of day. But hey - they're 'natural' right? (wink face)

So if you're looking to spend a little extra on higher-quality eggs - opt for organic. USDA certified organic eggs are third-party verified and is the more ethical choice.

2 labels that you CAN trust

Rainforest Alliance Certified

To earn the Rainforest Alliance Certified , farms must be audited annually to ensure they meet 10 sustainably-focused categories. These categories span from protecting the rainforest, to conserving water, all the way to ethical labor practices. It feels good to know that the extra money spent to purchase Rainforest Alliance Certified products is actually benefiting people and the planet. Most of the time it's not a huge difference in price either!

Find out more about their sustainability standards here.

USDA Organic

USDA Organic is one of the strongest food labels available in the United States. It certifies that fruits, vegetables, legumes and grains are produced without synthetic fertilizers, synthetic pesticides/herbicides (though some natural pesticides are allowed), sewage sludge, and genetic modification. Organic meat is raised without routine antibiotics, growth hormones, and must be fed organic feed. Reducing antibiotics is extremely important, because the over usage in animal agriculture is a major contributor to antibiotic resistance, according to the CDC (not okay!).

If you want to learn more about organic foods, check out my blog post below:

Are organic fruits and vegetables worth the price? Advice from a Dietitian.

If preserving the planet and fair wages for farm workers are important to you (and within your budget!), Rainforest Alliance Certified and USDA Organic are two strong labels that you can absolutely trust.

Want an even more eco-friendly diet? Be sure to check out my top 8 ways to reduce your food waste food-print today!

Thanks for reading and making the world a better place to live!
- Chris the Dietitian

PSST - while you're here be sure to check out my sustainable recipes!

Photo credit - Myself and Pixabay.com

Chris Vogliano 5/15/17 Chris Vogliano 5/15/17

Is Organic Food Worth Buying? Advice from a Dietitian

Organic foods are a rapidly growing consumer trend, but are they worth the cost? This article is written by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist on the topic of organic and conventional foods.

Many people choose organic produce to reduce their risk of pesticide exposure, while others cite they want to support a method of agriculture with a lower carbon footprint. While there are many motives, some hold more scientific rigor than others. Whatever the reason, it is undeniable that organic food is a market trend that has been growing rapidly since 1999 and is showing no signs of slowing down. This begs the question: is the increased price actually worth it?

Brief overview of Organics in the United States

It is often a misnomer that organic farmers are resorting back to old technologies and practices. This is not true. In fact, quite the opposite. Organic farmers use modern equipment, improved crop varieties, soil and water conservation practices, and technological innovations in feeding and handling crops and livestock. Studies do show that organic growing practices produce slightly less food per acre, depending on the type of crop and region the food is grown in.[1] However, there are notable benefits that many experts believe are worth the slight reduction in output.

Organic agriculture has been shown to have a variety of sustainable benefits, including: [2],[3]

Improved soil quality
Reduced energy use
Increased crop biodiversity
Reduced water pollution
Reduced worker and environmental exposure to pesticides
Reduced antibiotic resistance (via animal agriculture)
And much more…

While not exclusive to organic agriculture, conservation practices are used more often in organic production when compared to conventional agriculture systems. Learn more about what it means to be “Certified Organic” - Organic Certification from the United States Department of Agriculture.

Does this mean that organic is the only way to go?

Not necessarily. Organic foods do have a myriad of social, environmental, and health benefits (see chart below), but there are still many health benefits to eating conventional foods too.

Reganold, John P., and Jonathan M. Wachter. "Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century." *Nature Plants* 2 (2016): 15221.

What are pesticides?

Pesticides are any substance used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life that are deemed "pests". This includes herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, disinfectants, and compounds used to control rodents. (EPA)

Will eating organic foods lower my risk of pesticide exposure?

Yes. It is important to note that certain natural pesticides can still be used in organic agriculture (link). However, studies show that organic foods have lower pesticide residues, meaning that our exposure to them is lessened.[1],[2]
Some researchers have even studied organophosphate pesticide metabolites in the urine of children, and found significantly less in those children that ate only organic diets.[4],[5]
There is however debate if these pesticide residues are harmful to our health in the quantities in which we consume them. More long term studies are needed.

Are farm workers impacted by pesticide application?

Yes. Over 1 billion pounds of pesticides are used in the United State each year and approximately 5.6 billion pounds are used worldwide - link.
Farmers are often exposed to very high levels of pesticides,and cite frequent symptoms including headaches, fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, hand tremors, and other neurological symptoms.
- Pesticide exposure is also strongly linked to diabetes type 2 in farm workers - link.

Should I skip conventionally grown produce if I can’t find or afford to buy organic produce?

Absolutely not. The risks of pesticides are real, but the myriad of health benefits of fruits and vegetables are too. Research indicates that not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables is much more detrimental to one’s health than eating fruits and vegetables with pesticide residue. [2]

Is organic produce higher in nutrients?

Sometimes. However, the debate continues if the increased quantity of nutrients in organic produce is significant enough to make a meaningful difference.[6],[7]

Are Organic produce GMO free?

Yes. The USDA definition of organic means that the food must be free from genetically modified organisms. However, to date, there have been no credible studies proving that GMOs are unsafe to eat. Check out the National Academy of Science Safety Report for more info on this.
Personal health aside - many are concerned about the ethical and environmental considerations of GMOs. From years of studying this topic, I have found valid points on both side of the debate.
We do know that the most commonly grown GMO crops in the U.S. are corn, soy, and canola. These three crops are in a significant portion of the foods we eat everyday, which means we must grow a lot of these crops. GMO corn, soy, and canola are reliant on a monoculture system that relies heavily on pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, and discourages plant and insect biodiversity.
Check on my blog post: The Good, The Bad, and the Future of GMOs.

Are Organic foods a better choice for the environment?

Mostly yes. Not only does eating organic lower your personal exposure to pesticides, but by choosing organic you are also choosing to support a method of agriculture that aims to be more sustainable than conventional growing methods. Pesticides are often applied by farm workers, and exposure to these toxic chemicals have harmful impacts on the health of the workers, environment, soil, river, and air. Excess nutrients from fertilizers are also one of the leading causes of water pollution in the United States. EPA website here.
Studies have found that organic farming systems consistently have greater soil carbon levels, better soil quality, and less soil erosion compared to conventional systems. They also found increased plant and insect biodiversity among organic farming systems. [9],[10],[11]
- Soil health and biodiversity are two topics cited by top global health organizations as foundational pieces feeding our growing population sustainably. So much so, that the Food and Agriculture Organization declared 2015 as the International Year of the Soil.

Can I wash away pesticide residues on my fruits and vegetables?

Some of them. It is always a smart idea to rinse your fruits and vegetables under cold water. Rinsing can remove the surface residues, as well as potentially harmful dirt and pathogens.
Some pesticides are systemic; they are taken up by the plant’s root system and get into the fruit or vegetable flesh so they can’t be washed off.

What’s the best way to wash my produce?

Wash your produce—conventional and organic—in running water. Be sure to scrub the outside of hard, porous produce such as cantaloupe. This will decrease your risk for foodborne illness and may also reduce pesticide residue.
- You don’t need any special washes. Researchers at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station compared rinsing fruit and vegetables in plain water for one minute with washing them with vegetable washes (four different ones) and a solution of dishwashing soap and water.

Okay, so tell me - should I buy organic produce?

Buying organic produce is a personal choice that is up to you and your family. There are cited benefits to a properly managed organic farm that are beneficial for both people, farm workers, and the planet.
If organic foods are within your budget and you want to support a style of agriculture that aims to be more sustainable, then go for it! However, if you cannot afford or don’t have access to organic produce, then buying and eating conventional produce is much better than not eating any produce at all.
Aim to eat 5 (or more!) servings of fruits and vegetables daily. Free resource – 20 ways to eat more fruits and vegetables.

At the end of the day, most of us want the same thing - a productive, sustainable, profitable, and equitable food system. We must work together to find solutions to these pressing issues if we are going to continue to feed a growing global population. We have the opportunity to vote for the food system we want to see three times a day, every day.

Thanks for reading – and if you like what you're reading, please share / comment / like!

Chris Vogliano MS, RDN

Main Photo Credit:
Pixabay.com - https://pixabay.com/en/agriculture-plant-protection-1359862/

Additional Resources:

References

[1] Ponisio, Lauren C., et al. "Diversification practices reduce organic to conventional yield gap." Proc. R. Soc. B. Vol. 282. No. 1799. The Royal Society, 2015.

[2] Reganold, John P., and Jonathan M. Wachter. "Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century." Nature Plants 2 (2016): 15221.

[3] Średnicka-Tober, Dominika, et al. "Environmental impact of organic vs. conventional agriculture-a review." Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering 61.4 (2016).

[4] Curl, C. L., Fenske, R. A. & Elgethun, K. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure of urban and suburban preschool children with organic and conventional diets. Environ. Health Persp. 111, 377–382 (2003).

[5] Lu, C. et al. Organic diets significantly lower children’s dietary exposure to organophosphorus pesticides. Environ. Health Persp. 114, 260–263 (2006).

[6] Smith-Spangler, C. et al. Are organic foods safer or healthier than conventional alternatives? Ann. Intern. Med. 157, 348–366 (2012).

[7] Brandt, K., Leifert, C., Sanderson, R. & Seal, C. J. Agroecosystem management and nutritional quality of plant foods: the case of organic fruits and vegetables. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 30, 177–197 (2011).

[8] USDA Agricultural Marketing Service National Organic Program Handbook (USDA, 2015); available at www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/handbook

[9] Gattinger, A. et al. Enhanced top soil carbon stocks under organic farming. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 18226–18231 (2012).

[10] Alföldi, T. et al. in Organic Agriculture, Environment, and Food Security (eds Scialabba, N. E.-H. & Hattam, C.) Ch. 2 (FAO, 2002); www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4137e/y4137e00.htm

[11] Tuomisto, H. L., Hodge, I. D., Riordan, P. & Macdonald, D. W. Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts? A meta-analysis of European research. J. Environ. Manage. 112, 309–320 (2012).